Cho Joonghyun, Crane, unknown, Ink and color on paper, 67x67.5cm. MMCA collection
Cho Joonghyun
* Source: MMCA
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Paek Yang Painting Association
An art group formed in 1957 to explore new perspectives on Korean paintings and educate future artists. The group was formed by nine artists including Kim Kichang and Park Rehyun of the Husohoe (who were students of Kim Eunho, also known by his pen name I-dang), Kim Youngki, and Chun Kyungja. In January 1961, the group organized a touring exhibition in Southeast Asia, which is noteworthy as the first overseas exhibition held by a Korean private-sector art organization. In this traveling exhibition, the term “hangukwa (Korean painting)” was used for the first time to refer to traditional ink painting, instead of the previously dominant term “Eastern painting.”
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Park Rehyun
Park Rehyun (1920-1976, pen name Woohyang) studied at Gyeongseong girls Normal School and graduated from the Department of Japanese Painting at Tokyo Women’s Art School in 1944. She studied at the Pratt Institute in New York and Bob Blackburn’s Print Studio from 1969 to 1973. After she married Kim Kichang, she held several solo and collaborative exhibitions with her husband and contributed her works to Paek Yang Fine Art Exhibition. She won a Changdeokgung Palace Award at the Joseon Art Exhibition [Joseon misul jeollamhoe] in 1943, a President Award at the fifth National Art Exhibition (Gukjeon) in 1956, a President Award at the eighth Great Korean Art Association Exhibition in 1956, and a Shin Saimdang Award in 1974. During the colonial period, Park Rehyun produced Japanese style color portraits, then, after independence she moved toward a semi-abstract technique, often featuring the three-dimensional formal interpretation of objects and a division of planes and using traditional Oriental painting materials. In the 1960s, she gradually replaced this approach with a splashed ink and pre-dyeing effect. Then, after moving to the U.S., she expanded her oeuvre to include print and tapestry.
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Kim Youngki
Kim Youngki (1911-2003, pen name Cheonggang), the son of Kim Kyujin (pen name Haegang), learned calligraphy and painting at an early age, traveled to Beijing, China, and studied under Qi Baishi, the master of modern Chinese painting. He employed various painting styles ranging from bird-and-flower painting and the Four Gentlemen painting in the literati style influenced by his father and Qi Baishi to landscape and flowering plant painting in the polychrome style through the impact of Japanese painting. After Korea’s independence, Kim led the formation of Dangu Art Academy [Dangu misulwon] and sought Eastern painting and departed from Japanese painting by producing landscape paintings in the style of light colors. During the Korean War, he stayed in Gyeongju and studied the history and culture of the Silla Kingdom (CE676–935) while creating abstract paintings on the theme of Silla historical artifacts to search for the modernization of Eastern painting. In 1957, he founded the Paek Yang Painting Association along with Kim Kichang, Park Rehyun, Kim Junghyun, and others. He also contributed to overseas exchanges of Korean art by holding traveling exhibitions in Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Japan. In the 1960s, he developed “literalized art,” a form of abstracted calligraphy, under the influence of Art Informel. In the 1980s, he tried a new change with “Navy Blue Landscape,” which gave expression to a scenic spot in Korea, mainly using navy blue. Kim Youngki actively engaged in studying art theory and art criticism and published several books, including Joseon misulsa (History of Korean Art, 1947), Silla munhwawa Gyeongju gojeok (Silla Culture and Gyeongju Historical Remains, 1953), Dongyang misulsa (History of Eastern Art, 1971), and Dongyang misullon (Theory of Eastern Art, 1980). He was the first to advocate for the use of the term “Korean painting” instead of “Eastern painting.” In 1955, he held his solo exhibition entitled Contemporary Korean Paintings by Cheonggang Kim Youngki.
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